Stamp duty SDLT
Stamp duty, or Stamp Duty Land Tax (often abbreviated to SDLT), is a tax applied by the government to the purchaser of a residential property purchased at over £250,000.
It must be paid within 14 days of completing the purchase of a residential property.
Law firms often deal with this on your behalf, which means it is sometimes included as part of the quote for conveyancing.
The amount you pay depends on when you bought the property, such as how much you paid for it and whether you are eligible for relief or exemption.
There are different rates of SDLT when buying a residential property, the rate you pay will depend on whether you:
- are a first-time buyer
- already own a property and are buying an additional property
- you’re not a UK resident
Stamp duty rates
Stamp duty rates changed in September 2022 and the following rates will remain in place until March 2025.
Those purchasing another residential property will typically pay an additional 3% on top of the standard rate:
Purchase price |
SDLT rate |
Buy to Let/Additional Home Rate
|
Up to £250,000 |
0% |
3% |
£250,001 to £925,000 |
5% |
8% |
£925,001 to £1.5 million |
10% |
13% |
Over £1.5 million |
12% |
15% |
Rates if you’re buying your first home
You can claim a discount (relief) so you don’t pay any Stamp Duty Land Tax up to £425,000 and 5% on the value from £425,001 to £625,000.
You’re eligible to claim the relief if you and anyone else you’re buying with are first-time buyers.
If the price is over £625,000, you follow the rules for people who have bought a home before.
Land Transaction Tax (LTT)
Land Transaction Tax, often abbreviated to LTT, replaced Stamp Duty Land Tax (SDLT) in Wales from 1 April 2018. The Welsh Revenue Authority (WRA) collects and manages the tax for the Welsh Government.
It must be paid within 30 days of completing the purchase of property.
Law firms often deal with this on your behalf, which means it is sometimes included as part of the quote for conveyancing.
How does LTT work?
You will pay LTT if you buy a freehold property; buy a new or existing leasehold; or are otherwise transferred land or property in exchange for payment.
LTT is applied depending on the purchase price of the property in a similar way income tax is calculated. So you will only pay LTT on the amount of the property that falls within a specific price band.
What are the LTT rates?
When you buy a residential property (freehold or leasehold) the following rates will apply to the portion of the price you pay in each band.Below are the most common rates:
Main residential freehold property
Price threshold |
LTT rate |
The portion up to and including £225,000 |
0% |
The portion over £225,000 up to and including £400,000 |
6% |
The portion over £400,000 up to and including £750,000 |
7.5% |
The portion over £750,000 up to and including £1.5 million |
10% |
The portion over £1.5 million |
12% |
Main residential leasehold property
You may need to pay LTT based upon the rates above, on the purchase price of the lease. However LTT is not payable on rents payable under a lease for residential property.
LTT higher residential tax rates
These are an additional 3% on top of the main residential rates listed above and are payable where you buy a residential property when you already own one or more residential properties.
Non-residential freehold property
Price threshold |
LTT rate |
The portion up to and including £225,000 |
0% |
The portion over £225,000 up to and including £250,000 |
1% |
The portion over £250,000 up to and including £1,000,000 |
5% |
The portion over £1,000,000 |
6% |
Non-residential leasehold property
You may need to pay LTT based upon the rates above, on the purchase price of the lease. Where the lease is for a non-residential leasehold property and rent is due on the grant of the lease, rent over the term of a newly granted lease is calculated on its net present value (NPV) and may be liable to LTT.
Where tax is payable on rents due under the term of a lease, the applicable rates are:
NPV threshold |
LTT rate |
The portion up to and including £225,000 |
0% |
The portion over £225,000 up to and including £2 million |
1% |
The portion over £2 million |
2% |
For further advice on LTT visit the Welsh Revenue Authority’s website at https://beta.gov.wales/welsh-revenue-authority or go to https://beta.gov.wales/land-transaction-tax-calculator to work out how much LTT you’ll need to pay for your purchase.